Climate Change: An Overview of the Prevalence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in The South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia

Abstract

Makassar City, Maros Regency and Tana Toraja Regency in South Sulawesi Province are regions with varying topography. Makassar City is a lowland area (1–19 DPAL), Maros Regency is a middle-land region with variations in height of 15–700 DPAL and Tana Toraja Regency located in the Toraja highland region 700–820 DPAL which is ideal for the breeding of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes as a vector which is dominant to the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever, because it has a temperature between 19, 000-31, 000 C (Central Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Council region IV Makassar), with humidity between 63–94%. Between temperature and humidity affect each other for the breeding of Aedes aegypti, climate conditions (temperature and humidity) will support the increase in mosquito population density and subsequently have an impact on the transmission and spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Temperature between 20°C-30°C with a humidity range of 60%-90% is the optimum moisture for growth and development of the Aedes aegypti mosquito4. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of climate conditions on the transmission and spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever in South Sulawesi Province. This type of research is cross-sectional by measuring all variables at the same time. The research sites were Makassar City, Barru Regency and Tana Toraja Regency. Analysis using Spearman Correlation. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between air temperature and duration of solar radiation on the number of cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (rs = 0.281 and 0.265 p <0, 000), while also having a significant relationship but with negative rs (p = 0.001).