Spatio-Temporal Factors Related to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Makassar City, 2010–2014

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus is still a public health problem all over the tropics and sub-tropics in the world because it happens every year with a case that is always high. This study aims to describe the spatio-temporal pattern of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases in Makassar city in 2010 to 2014, and to analyze the correlation between DHF cases and rainfall rate, larve-free rate, and population density in Makassar city. The research used an ecology study design. The samples, using a total sampling method, were people suffering from DHF (microscopic confirmed) listed in the monthly report of DHF cases in Makassar Health Office from 2010 to 2014. The total number of was 757. This research was conducted from September to November 2015. The data were analyzed spatially (with Moran index), temporally (using graphs), and statistically (using Spearman-rho correlation test); and were processed using ArcGIS 10.3 and IBM SPSS version 20 programs. The results show that the spatial pattern of DHF cases in Makassar city shows a clustered pattern (Moran index = 0.043259).The temporal tendency shows an increase at the beginning of rainy season (January to July) and a decrease at the end of the year after the rainy season (August to December). Based on the statistical test, there is a significant correlation between rainfall rate and DHF incidence (p=0.000 < 0.05). However, there is no significant correlation between DHF cases and larva-free rate (p=0.502 < 0.05); and between DHF cases and population density (p=0.440 < 0.05).