Climate-adaptive resilience in district buildings and cross-regional energy sharing in Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Greater Bay Area

Abstract

Climate change imposes challenges on Sustainable Develop Goals (SDGs) with uncertainty in the energy supply, energy consumption, climate-adaptive design and operation, renovation and retrofit on traditional energy systems. However, academic studies focus on district energy system sizing, operation and energy analysis under typical year, without considering future climate change due to the lack of updated meteorological database. In this study, models are developed to predict meteorological parameters in Greater Bay Area. Building physical models are developed in TRNSYS 18 platform with power-to-cooling/heating conversions and thermal/electrical energy storages to quantitatively analyse the impact of climate change on cooling/heating/electric loads, rated capacity resizing and onsite renewable energy supply. Considering the differences in building intensity, types, available spatiotemporal spaces in the Greater Bay Area, spatiotemporal energy sharing networks with E-mobility in cross-boundary Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao are developed for cross-regional renewable self-consumption and stablising local microgrid power/voltage. Results indicate that, both solar radiation and ambient temperature increase under the future climate change, while building services systems designed in the typical year fail to cover cooling demands due to future climate change. Immediate response and sufficient reaction to climate change with climate-adaptive design require gradual increase on rated capacities of chillers, together with the increase in total electricity consumptions (i.e., increased by 34.3%, 29.9%, 14.2% and 20.5% for residential buildings, hotel, office, and commercial buildings from typical year to the year 2100). Technical strategies for future climate change adaption include complementary solar-wind energy integration, E-mobility based cross-regional energy sharing, renewable-to-EV charging and EV discharging for grid support under the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) mode. The V2G mode is economically beneficial with overwhelming superiority in grid import cost saving than battery degradation cost. This study can contribute to future climate change prediction, climate-adaptive designs, operations and controls, and energy resilience improvement.