Clematichinenoside Facilitates Recovery of Neurological and Motor Function in Rats after Cerebral Ischemic Injury through Inhibiting Notch/NF-κB Pathway

Abstract

Purpose: The present study was to observe the therapeutic efficiency of Clematichinenoside (AR) on cerebral ischemic injury in rats, especially on neurological and motor function recovery and to explore the underlying mechanism. Methods: Following middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) surgery, rats were treated orally with 32, 16, and 8 mg/kg AR respectively for 14 days during which cerebral injury was evaluated and proinflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 as well as neurotrophic factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor and Neurotrophin-3 levels were determined with ELISA kits. Immunohistochemical analysis on number of neurons and reactive astrocytes in the hippocampus was to demonstrate the effect of AR on neuronal survival. Motor, learning, and memory recovery were assessed by Morris water maze, passive avoidance experiment, and rotatory rod test. Neuroprotection and anti-inflammation-related Notch and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways were analyzed by PCR and Western blot techniques on mammalian achaete-scute homologs1, Notch-1, intracellular Notch receptor domain, Jagged-1, transcription factor hairy, enhancer of split1 (Hes1), as well as the nuclear import of NF-κB in hippocampus. Results: AR administration reduced cerebral injury in rats exposed to MCAO/R and after treatment of AR for 14 days, proinflammatory reaction was inhibited, with neuronal survival rate raised and motor function recovery facilitated. PCR and WB analysis of Notch/NF-κB signaling pathway revealed the inhibitory effect of AR on pathway related components. Conclusions: AR is beneficial to recovery of neurological and motor function in rats after cerebral ischemic injury via inhibiting Notch/NF-κB pathway.