Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different cleaning and conditioning procedures after contamination on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of a luting resin to a core build-up composite resin. Specimens (n = 384) made of a core build-up material were stored for 3 weeks in 37 °C water. Half of the specimens were contaminated with saliva and a disclosing silicone and then cleaned either using phosphoric acid, a pumice suspension, air-abrasion with alumina or polishing powder. Surface conditioning was performed by either using a dentin adhesive, a silane containing primer or a composite resin primer, which resulted in 24 unique combinations of 16 specimens per group. Before measuring TBS, half of the specimens of each group were stored in 37 °C water for 3d or were artificially aged for 150 days. Results show that cleaning with pumice or air-abrasion are superior methods compared to using a polishing powder or phosphoric acid. Silane is an inferior conditioning agent compared to composite or dentin primers. Ideally, after contamination, bonding surfaces should be cleaned with a pumice suspension and conditioned with a dentin adhesive. Those surfaces could also be cleaned and conditioned with air-abrasion with alumina particles and a composite resin primer.
Highlights
Fabrication of indirect dental restorations requires specific procedures including preparation of the tooth following explicit rules [1,2,3]
Whereas conventional cementation methods are relatively technically uncritical, the long-term success of an adhesive cementation depends on many factors such as material-specific conditioning and the adequate cleaning of the bonding surfaces after contamination [5,6,7]
During preparation and try-in procedures of dental restorations, bonding surfaces, i.e., tooth structures, restoration materials and core build-up materials might be contaminated by saliva [12,13], blood [14], dentin liquor and/or a disclosing silicone [15]
Summary
Fabrication of indirect dental restorations requires specific procedures including preparation of the tooth following explicit rules [1,2,3]. Whereas conventional cementation methods are relatively technically uncritical, the long-term success of an adhesive cementation depends on many factors such as material-specific conditioning and the adequate cleaning of the bonding surfaces after contamination [5,6,7]. These factors are well known and examined regarding tooth hard tissues and dental restoration materials such as alloys and ceramics, but little is known of the effects of these factors regarding core build-up materials [8,9,10,11]. The surfaces need to be cleaned and conditioned sufficiently prior to adhesive cementation in order to obtain durable long-term bond strength [16,17,18,19,20,21]
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