Abstract
Jesuit colleges, beginning in 1546, included teaching of mathematics and astronomy in their programs of philosophy. A key figure in this process was Christopher Clavius, professor of mathematics in the Roman College, who insisted that teaching mathematics was very important. Modern science was starting. He created an academy of mathematics to form professors in this subject. He was instrumental in the inclusion of mathematics in the Ratio studiorum, the rules for all Jesuit schools. He began a debate about the certainty of mathematics against some professors of philosophy who considered mathematics not to be a true science. Galileo had a great esteem for Clavius who kept a good relation with him. This relation was marred by Galileo controversies with Grassi and Scheiner, but Jesuits were not instrumental in his condemnation.
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