Classification of Physical, Chemical and Biological Deteriorations Observed in Ankara Stone Monuments

Musa Tokmak,Murat Dal

doi:10.29132/ijpas.718466

Abstract

There are many monuments made of stone in and around Ankara city center. Due to the geographical location of Ankara, due to its terrestrial climate, physical, chemical and biological deteriorations can be seen asone or combination of three types. Human-induced damages are just as effective as natural degradation types and even caused more damage. The monuments mentioned in this study are: Temple of Augustus, Roman Bath ruins, Julian Column and Gavurkalesi. The first three monuments are located in the Ulus district of Ankara, close to each other. Gavurkalesi is located in Dereköy in the Haymana district of Ankara. Since samples could not be taken from these monuments, the classification of the types of disruption was made to observe and the disruption types were listed by visual examination. A more detailed form of this study necessitates laboratory work. While doing such a study, the samples must be taken from the broken pieces and without damaging the monuments. The purpose of this study is to prepare a document with a preliminary preparation for the restoration of these monuments.

Highlights

Cultural heritage refers to archaeological monuments, architectural structures and other historical sites
Necessary information should be given about the cultural heritage of all members of the society and the sensitivity required for its protection should be instilled to all generations
The educated technical personnel should be more trained in the best possible way, as architects and engineers who are sensitive to the historical and natural environment, knowledgeable and interdisciplinary are needed to restore the restoration of degraded historical buildings (Khooshroo et al, 2017)

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Preserving cultural-historical stone buildings is very important for their transfer to future generations. The physical, chemical and biological factors affecting these structures vary according to the stone types, which are the building materials in which the monuments are made In this study, these types of degradation are described by visual observation (Fitzner et al, 1992). Lichens and algae-like biological deposits that appear on the sides and upper parts of marble stones can crack the stones and cause decomposition Those organisms that love moist areas prefer to use roof surfaces. The breakdown of the stone surface is accelerated by the granular dissolution wind, which is due to salting, and the existence of rain, that is erosion Such deterioration is evident on the walls of the temple of Augustus, especially near the lower floor where moisture is present (Figure 15). The thin and small cracks observed on the stones are found on the basalt rocks forming the macro cracks Gavurkalesi (Figure 17), and on the marble monument stones in the remnants of the Roman baths (Figure 18)

RESULT

Findings

Roman Baths Gavurkalesi