CLARA: A cluster-based node correlation for sampling rate adaptation and fault tolerance in sensor networks

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Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been proven as an efficient and low-cost solution for monitoring various kind of applications. However, the massive amount of data collected and transmitted by the sensor nodes, which are mostly redundant, will quickly consume their limited battery power, which is sometimes difficult to replace or recharge. Although the huge efforts made by researchers to solve such problem, most of the proposed techniques suffer from their accuracy and their complexity, which is not suitable for limited-resources sensors. Therefore, designing new data reduction techniques to reduce the raw data collected in such networks is becoming essential to increase their lifetime. In this paper, we propose a CLuster-based node correlation for sAmpling Rate adaptation and fAult tolerance, abbreviated CLARA, mechanism dedicated to periodic sensor network applications. Mainly, CLARA works on two stages: node correlation and fault tolerance. The first stage introduces a data clustering method that aims to search the correlation among neighboring nodes. Then, it accordingly adapts their sensing frequencies in a way to reduce the amount of data collected in such networks while preserving the information integrity at the sink. In the second stage, a fault tolerance model is proposed that allows the sink to regenerate the raw sensor data based on two methods: moving average (MA) and exponential smoothing (ES). We demonstrated the efficiency of our technique through both simulations and experiments. The best obtained results show that the first stage can reduce the sensor sampling rate, and accordingly the sensor energy, up to 64% while the second stage can accurately regenerate the raw data with an error loss less than 0.15.