Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a class of positional and geometric dienoic isomers of linoleic acid. Chronic dietary supplementation with a commercial mixture containing c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12-CLA in equimolar quantity leads to a drop in fat mass in various species. The t10,c12-CLA isomer is responsible for this anti-obesity effect. The reduction of fat mass is especially dramatic in the mouse, in which it is associated with a severe hyperinsulinemia, an insulin resistance and a massive liver steatosis. The origin of these adverse side effects and the putative chronology of events leading to CLA-mediated lipoatrophic syndrome are presented and discussed in this review.
Highlights
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) est un acronyme anglo-saxon désignant un groupe d’isomères géométriques et positionnels de l’acide linoléique
Chronic dietary supplementation with a commercial mixture containing c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12-CLA in equimolar quantity leads to a drop in fat mass
The t10,c12-CLA isomer is responsible for this anti-obesity effect
Summary
Une souris adulte soumise à un régime alimentaire contenant 1 % d’un mélange isomérique commercial de CLA perd plus de 70 % de ses réserves lipidiques en 4 semaines (figure 1A) [8, 9]. Tout d’abord, les CLA limitent la mise en réserve des lipides dans l’adipocyte en favorisant la perte des nutriments énergétiques dans les excréta [15] et en augmentant la dépense énergétique [16]. En accord avec cette observation, on constate une forte induction de l’expression du gène codant pour la protéine découplante UCP2 dans différents tissus, ce qui pourrait favoriser la dissipation d’une partie de l’énergie ingérée sous forme de chaleur [17]. L’expression d’une série de gènes impliqués dans l’hydrolyse des lipoprotéines riches en triglycérides, le captage et le transport adipocytaire des acides gras ainsi que dans la lipogenèse est fortement.
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