Abstract
The article analyses the changes in the interaction between the EU institutions and civil society organizations. The article first sets the conceptual stage by examining the role of civil society in the political arena and specifically in the context of the Europeanization. It then identifies 3 major phases of European activism: 1) 1993–2001, the period in which institutional channels were opened for civil society at the European level; 2) 2001–2014, the period in which civil society played a full role within the EU governance; 3) 2014 to present day, in which the emergence and consolidation of anti-EU establishment civil society has become a central political issue for the EU. Three specific European master frames are analyzed, before the focus is shifted to the global level. Concluding remarks are presented on the critical issue and the future prospect for the EU with reference to the impact of social mobilization from below in a context of crisis.
Highlights
With the financial crisis came a political epiphany in European society
The paper proceeds according to the following structure: it first sets the conceptual stage by examining the role of civil society in the political arena and in the context of the Europeanization
It identifies 3 major phases of European activism: 1) 1993–2001, the period in which institutional channels were opened for civil society at the European level; 2) 2001–2014, the period in which civil society played a full role within the EU governance; 3) 2014 to present day, in which the emergence and consolidation of anti-EU establishment civil society has become a central political issue for the EU
Summary
With the financial crisis came a political epiphany in European society. As a consequence of the economic crisis a number of national political systems have changed dramatically. This paper intends to shed light on the transforming conceptual landscape that draws the boundaries of the current political debate both at the national and international level It does so by focusing on the normative debate on globalization and by examining the principal master frames that have been developed in the last decades with reference to European politics. The paper proceeds according to the following structure: it first sets the conceptual stage by examining the role of civil society in the political arena and in the context of the Europeanization It identifies 3 major phases of European activism: 1) 1993–2001, the period in which institutional channels were opened for civil society at the European level; 2) 2001–2014, the period in which civil society played a full role within the EU governance; 3) 2014 to present day, in which the emergence and consolidation of anti-EU establishment civil society has become a central political issue for the EU. Concluding remarks are presented on the critical issue and the future prospect for the EU with reference to the impact of social mobilization from below
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