Abstract
The new concept of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) necessitates a need to review the approach of managing the existing civil infrastructure system (highways, bridges, sign structures, etc.). This paper provides a basic introduction to the CAV concept, assesses the infrastructure requirements for CAVs, and identifies the appropriateness of the existing infrastructure, and needs, in terms of the condition assessment and deterioration modeling. With focus on the Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) requirements for CAVs, the main elements required on the infrastructure are the Roadside Units (RSUs), which are primarily for communication; they are similar to non-structural transportation assets, such as traffic signals, signs, etc. The ongoing pertinent efforts of agencies and the private industry are reviewed, including the V2I Deployment Coalition (American Association of State Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), and the Intelligent Transportation Society of America (ITS America)). Current methods of transportation asset management, particularly, of non-structural elements, are also reviewed. Two reliability-based models were developed and demonstrated for the deterioration of RSUs, including the age replacement model, and a combined survivor function considering the vulnerability of the CAV elements to natural hazards, such as the hurricanes. The paper also discusses the implications of the CAV technology on traffic models, particularly, how it affects user costs’ computations.
Highlights
The U.S Department of Transportation (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure)’s Connected Vehicle (CV) Program provides a simple definition of the CV concept as a technology that enables cars, buses, trucks, trains, roads, and other infrastructure, and our smartphones and other devices to communicate with each other [1]
The most relevant publication in terms of asset management related to the Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) technology is by Markow [18], which summarized the current practice of managing transportation assets, such as traffic signals, lighting, pavement markings, etc., i.e., not the primary infrastructure like pavements and bridges
This paper presented an introduction to the concept of CAVs, with emphasis on the V2I, the infrastructure requirements, and the approach to the management of transportation assets involved
Summary
In addition to initial deployment and operation costs, there is a need to consider long term infrastructure maintenance costs, but based on lack of historical data (minimal experience using V2I), there are challenges in getting these costs. Three agencies shared their experiences with V2I infrastructure and opinions on its maintenance—the University of Michigan’s Ann Arbor CV test environment; New York City (NYC) CV Pilot Deployment; and the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The Michigan experience showed the following elements that need maintenance: 5.9 GHz DSRC RSUs, upgraded signal controller cabinets, backhaul communications and data management, and infrastructure-based messaging. An appropriate technology for health monitoring may be needed for the RSUs
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