Citrus sinensis leaf aqueous extract green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: Characterization and cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and anti-human lung carcinoma effects

Abstract

The present work demonstrates the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by using aqueous extract of Citrus sinensis as green reductant and capping agent without any toxic reagent. Physicochemical characteristics of the said nanoparticles were elucidated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vids) techniques. The biogenic Ag NPs are uniformly globular. The Ag NPs has been explored biologically in the anticancer and antioxidant assays. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with Ag NPs were assessed by MTT assay for 48 h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human lung carcinoma properties on normal (HUVEC) and lung carcinoma cell lines i.e. NCI-H661, HLC-1, NCI-H1563, LC-2/ad, NCI-H1299, and PC-14. The viability of malignant lung cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of Ag NPs. The IC50 of Ag NPs were 82, 139, 170, 66, 62, and 50 µg/mL against NCI-H661, HLC-1, NCI-H1563, LC-2/ad, NCI-H1299, and PC-14 cell lines, respectively. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of Ag NPs and vitamin E against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals were 21 and 15 µg/mL, respectively. After clinical study, Ag NPs containing Citrus sinensis leaf aqueous extract may be used to formulate a new chemotherapeutic drug or supplement to treat the several types of human lung adenocarcinoma.