Abstract
Background: This review underscores the global distribution of citrus plants, diverse phytochemical composition, pharmacological properties and their uses. Purpose: This paper reviewed the originating of Citrus genus from northeastern and central Australia, island Southeast Asia, near Oceania, and various subtropical and tropical regions in Asia. Paper elaborates the diverse phytochemical composition of citrus species contributes to their therapeutic characteristics. Citrus fruits, widely consumed and rich in nutrients and phytochemicals, have been linked through epidemiological studies to a reduced risk of several diseases. Methods: The role of citrus plants according to their pharmacological activities explained in the paper with their possible mechanism of action. Results: The citrus fruits contain phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins ac chief chemical constituents. Pharmacologically, the citrus genus exhibits a spectrum of activities, including antioxidants, hypoglycaemic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, estrogenic, and neuroprotective effects. Conclusions: Citrus plants have been shown in traditional and ethno medicinal literature to be especially beneficial in a variety of diseases.
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