Abstract
This study aims to obtain scientific evidence on the use of Citrus to control dyslipidemia. The surveys were carried out in 2020 and updated in March 2021, in the PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and SciELO databases, using the following descriptors: Citrus, dyslipidemias, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemias, lipoproteins, and cholesterol. The risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane methodology for clinical trials and ARRIVE for preclinical trials. A meta-analysis was performed using the application of R software. A total of 958 articles were identified and 26 studies demonstrating the effectiveness of the Citrus genus in controlling dyslipidemia were selected, of which 25 were included in the meta-analysis. The effects of Citrus products on dyslipidemia appear consistently robust, acting to reduce total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, in addition to increasing HDL. These effects are associated with the composition of the extracts, extremely rich in antioxidant, as flavonoids, and that act on biochemical targets involved in lipogenesis and beta-oxidation. The risk of bias over all of the included studies was considered critically low to moderate. The meta-analysis demonstrated results favorable to control dyslipidemia by Citrus products. On the other hand, high heterogeneity values were identified, weakening the evidence presented. From this study, one can suggest that Citrus species extracts are potential candidates for dyslipidemia control, but more studies are needed to increase the strength of this occurrence.
Highlights
Dyslipidemia has high rates of occurrence in the world population (Pirillo et al, 2021), being closely related to obesity, metabolic syndrome (Mach et al, 2020), atherosclerosis (Wiggins et al, 2019), Citrus Extract as a Perspective for the Control of Dyslipidemia coronary heart disease (Zhao et al, 2021), increased susceptibility to cancer (Khan et al, 2021), and more recently increased mortality and severity of COVID-19 (Atmosudigdo et al, 2021)
This study aims to obtain scientific evidence on the use of Citrus to control dyslipidemia
After excluding the repeated articles, 360 titles were screened for analysis according to the inclusion criteria, from which 329 studies were excluded for not inducing hyperlipidemia in an animal model or for not having dyslipidemia installed in the case of clinical studies
Summary
Dyslipidemia has high rates of occurrence in the world population (Pirillo et al, 2021), being closely related to obesity, metabolic syndrome (Mach et al, 2020), atherosclerosis (Wiggins et al, 2019), Citrus Extract as a Perspective for the Control of Dyslipidemia coronary heart disease (Zhao et al, 2021), increased susceptibility to cancer (Khan et al, 2021), and more recently increased mortality and severity of COVID-19 (Atmosudigdo et al, 2021) This disorder is characterized by changes in the lipid profile, including an increase in total serum cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL-c), and triglycerides, as well as a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) rates in the blood (Fruchart et al, 2008). Lipid-lowering drugs are still inaccessible to the majority of the population in low-income countries (Pirillo et al, 2021), making the search for new strategies to control dyslipidemia necessary
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