Abstract
Cit.ro.bac' ter. L. n.citruslemon; M.L. n.bactera small rod; M.L. masc. n.Citrobactera citrate‐utilizing rod.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacteriales / Enterobacteriaceae / CitrobacterStraight rods, ~1.0 µm × 2.0–6.0 µm. Occur singly and in pairs. Conform to the general definition of the familyEnterobacteriaceae. Usually not encapsulated. Gram negative. Usuallymotile by peritrichous flagella. Facultatively anaerobic, having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. Grow readily on ordinary media. Colonies on nutrient agar are generally 2–4 mm in diameter, smooth, low convex, moist, translucent or opaque, and gray with a shiny surface and entire edge. Mucoid or rough forms may occur occasionally. Oxidase negative. Catalase positive. Chemoorganotrophic.Citrate can be utilized as a sole carbon source by most strains. Lysine is not decarboxylated. Alginate and pectate are not decomposed.D‐glucose is fermented with the production of acid and gas. The methyl red test is positive; the Voges–Proskauer test is negative. Occur in the feces of humans and some animals; probably normal intestinal inhabitants. Sometimes pathogenic and often isolated from clinical specimens as opportunistic pathogens. Can also be found in soil, water, sewage, and food.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 50–52 (Tm).Type species:Citrobacter freundii(Braak 1928) Werkman and Gillen 1932, 173 (Bacterium freundiiBraak 1928, 140.)
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