Abstract
Elevated concentrations of manganese ions (>1 μg/l) strongly decelerate sugar conversion to citric acid by Aspergillus niger to about half the normal fermentation rate or less. Mycelial growth is not influenced significantly - by no means in terms of growth stimulation. Thus the so-called “outgrowth” of the mycelium upon the presence of elevated manganese concentrations only marks a morphological change as a consequence of an altered physiological state. On the other hand, this also means that growth limitation, believed to be a necessary condition for abundant citric acid production, is not brought about by the reduction of manganese concentration to values of 1 μg/l or down to 0.2 μg/l.
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