Abstract
Superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) of about 10 nm were designed with proper physico-chemical characteristics by an economic, biocompatible chemical coprecipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in an ammonia solution, for hyperthermia applications. Synthetic methodology has been developed to get a well dispersed and homogeneous aqueous suspension of MNPs. Citric acid was used to stabilize the magnetite particle suspension, it was anchored on the surface of freshly prepared MNPs by direct addition method. Carboxylic acid terminal group not only render the particles more water dispersible but also provides a site for further surface modification. The naked MNPs are often insufficient for their stability, hydrophilicity and further functionalization. To overcome these limitations, citric acid was conjugated on the surface of the MNPs. The microstructure and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the interaction between citric acid and MNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), whereas the magnetic properties were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Magnetic measurement revealed that the saturation magnetization of the nanoparticles was 74 emu/g and the nanoparticles were superparamagnetic at room temperature. We also have analyzed the potential of these particles for hyperthermia by determination of the specific absorption rate, the temperature increase (ΔT) of the particles was 37oC. These ferrofluids with high self-heating capacity are a promising candidate for cancer hyperthermia treatment.
Highlights
Superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have received increased attention during the last decade due to their characteristic, i.e. inducible magnetic moments in the presence of an external magnetic field
The microstructure and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the interaction between citric acid and MNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), whereas the magnetic properties were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM)
In this study we focused our interest on the physicochemical aspects of the particles
Summary
Superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have received increased attention during the last decade due to their characteristic, i.e. inducible magnetic moments in the presence of an external magnetic field. The surface-bound drugs can be released from the drug carriers by changing the physiological conditions, and are taken up by the affected cells [4]. MNPs behave like magnets only in presence of an external magnetic field and do not retain any residual magnetism upon removal of the external magnetic field. This property makes it possible for their application as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent or their target ability under the influence of external magnets. MNPs are not stable at normal physiological conditions and show a tendency to aggregate because of the hydrophobic nature of these particles [5,6,7]
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