Citizenship and Migration in a Globalized World

Abstract

During these last thirty years, the world has entered into mobility, due to the fall of the iron curtain in former communist regimes including China and most of southern countries which gave access to passports. This phenomenon opened a right to emigration, as a universal right, while borders began more and more closed to immigration, excluding many people from citizenship due to their mobility. Globalization is the main factor of various forms of mobility which have an impact on the content of citizenship, formerly mainly ruled by Nation States. But this new gap between a universal right to emigrate and a discretionary right to immigrate is introducing a new disorder, ruled by new actors. Paradoxically, while mobility is considered as a factor of human development and way of modernity, the inequality of the right tomoveover the world, is opening to various forms of citizenship, mostly negotiated, as many forms of agencies.