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Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI), like many revolutionary technologies in human history, will have a profound impact on societies. From this viewpoint, we analyze the combined effects of AI to raise important questions about the future form and function of cities. Combining knowledge from computer science, urban planning, and economics while reflecting on academic and business perspectives, we propose that the future of cities is far from being a determined one and cities may evolve into ghost towns if the deployment of AI is not carefully controlled. This viewpoint presents a fundamentally different argument, because it expresses a real concern over the future of cities in contrast to the many publications who exclusively assume city populations will increase predicated on the neoliberal urban growth paradigm that has for centuries attracted humans to cities in search of work.
Highlights
The debate over whether form follows function [1] or function follows form [2] is centuries old
All trends lead to downtowns becoming more work-focused, cities are being equipped with Artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure and redesigned to accommodate additional people, but we wonder what work remains for humans to do in cities? Isn’t the vigorous argument for connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) to increase commuting and working efficiency incomplete without accounting for job replacement effect? What is the function of cities if AI does what it is supposed to do?
How will cities look like in the future? To the best of our knowledge, academic and business publications have argued for continued urban growth and created plans for the form and function serving additional populations
Summary
The debate over whether form follows function [1] or function follows form [2] is centuries old. The smart city, sometimes called intelligent, virtual, or digital city, has been a vision for much of the 19th century rejuvenating the form-function debate. AI 2020, 1 analytics and machine learning, which are experiencing a great hype due to the recent advances in deep learning, and to its installment: general-purpose AI, or machines that think like you and me or even exceed our human abilities These machines do answer the question if we are alone in the universe—for sure not anymore—but may be a major threat to our socio-economic systems: AI makes human labor obsolete, which has traditionally attracted humans to cities [11,12]
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