Abstract
In this paper we developed a method for multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) use as carriers for a drug based on platinum in breast cancer therapy. The method of functionalization involves the carboxyl functionalization of nanotubes and encapsulation of cisplatin (CDDP) into MWCNTs. The biological properties of MWCNTs loaded with CDDP (MWCNT-COOH-CDDP) and of individual components MWCNT-COOH and free CDDP were evaluated on MDA-MB-231 cells. Various concentrations of CDDP (0.316–2.52 µg/mL) and MWCNTs (0.5–4 µg/mL) were applied on cells for 24 and 48 h. Only at high doses of CDDP (1.26 and 2.52 µg/mL) and MWCNT-COOH-CDDP (2 and 4 µg/mL) cell morphological changes were observed. The cellular viability decreased only with approx. 40% after 48 h of exposure to 2.52 µg/mL CDDP and 4 µg/mL MWCNT-COOH-CDDP despite the high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by MWCNTs starting with 24 h. After 48 h, ROS level dropped as a result of the antioxidant defence activation. We also found a significant decrease of caspase-3 and p53 expression after 48 h, accompanied by a down-regulation of NF-κB in cells exposed to MWCNT-COOH-CDDP system which promotes apoptosis escape and thus failing to overcome the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells resistance.
Highlights
Nanomedicine is a branch of nanotechnology dedicated to nanomaterials research aimed at improving health
There, we have shown that treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-COOH, carboplatin and MWCNT-COOH loaded with carboplatin, induced an increase of superoxide anion level which was higher for MWCNT-COOH loaded with carboplatin, in comparison with the corresponding concentration of free drug
We referred to platinum-based drug that are used in cancer therapy (CDDP) that have been encapsulated in carboxyl functionalized MWCNTs
Summary
Nanomedicine is a branch of nanotechnology dedicated to nanomaterials research aimed at improving health. One of the directions in nanomedicine research is the use of different nanomaterials as drug carrier devices, in order to increase the effectiveness and safety of the drug, by reducing toxicity and side effects. Some have already been approved for clinical trials Another type of nanomaterial that has recently generated much attention in the field of pharmaceutical research is represented by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) contributed to the development of a wide range of applications in the delivery of therapeutic agents such as peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, genes, vaccines and in bone and neural tissue regeneration. CNTs can be functionalized with bioactive peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and drugs and used to deliver their cargos to cells and organs [1]. Because functionalized CNTs display low toxicity and are not immunogenic, such systems hold great potential in the field of nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. The non-covalent modification utilizes the hydrophobic nature of CNTs, especially, π–π interactions for coating with amphiphilic molecules
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