Cis‐Clerodane Diterpenoids with Structural Diversity and Anti‐inflammatory Activity from Tinospora crispa

Abstract

Comprehensive SummaryTwelve new cis‐clerodane diterpenoids, designated as crispinoids A—L (1—12), together with three known analogues (13—15), were isolated from Tinospora crispa. Their structures were fully assigned by comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. The isolated clerodanes displayed diverse heterocyclic frameworks including 6/6/6‐, 6/5/6/6‐, 6/6/5‐, 6/6‐, and 6/5/6‐fused ring systems. Some of the isolates showed ATP‐citrate lyase (ACLY) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway inhibition. The NF‐κB inhibitors further suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells.