Abstract
The design of horizontal boiler-tube arrays, for both fluidized bed combustors and conventional power plants, is today constrained by the uncertainty in the circumferential wall temperature profile prevailing in the tubes. High circumferential anisothermality at elevated temperatures can lead to high thermal stress and threaten both the load carrying and operating life of steam-generating boiler tubes. A critical review of the available results and a detailed analysis of two-phase flow regimes in boiler tubes appear to indicate that a reduced circumferential temperature difference is associated with transition from intermittent to annular flow, rather than the termination of stratified flow. The two-phase flow regime analysis is, furthermore, shown to successfully predict the axial variation and flow rate dependence of circumferential anisothermality.
Published Version
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