Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a poor outcome because it is usually detected at advanced tumor stages, and the majority of the patients develop disease relapse as a result of chemotherapy resistance. This most lethal gynecological malignancy metastasizes within the peritoneal fluid or ascites to pelvic and distal organs. In ovarian cancer progression and metastasis, small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs have been recognized as important regulators. Their dysregulation modulates gene expression and cellular signal pathways and can be detected in liquid biopsies. In this review, we provide an overview on circulating plasma and serum ncRNAs participating in tumor cell migration and invasion, and contributing to recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer. We will also discuss the development of potential, novel therapies using ncRNAs as target molecules or tumor markers for ovarian cancer.
Highlights
The concept of a “RNA World” has yet to be completely established as a major step in the early stages of the evolution of living organisms, but it does form an intriguing step in the cell evolutionary pathway
Since no literature appears to exist on circulating small interfering RNA (siRNA), p-element induced Wimpy testis RNA (piRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) in the plasma and serum of ovarian cancer (OC) patients, the focus of this review is on cell-free and exosomal long-non coding RNA (lncRNA) and miRNAs
We showed that the deregulated serum levels of miR-25, miR-93, miR-7 and miR-429 discriminated Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients from healthy women with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 92%
Summary
The concept of a “RNA World” has yet to be completely established as a major step in the early stages of the evolution of living organisms, but it does form an intriguing step in the cell evolutionary pathway. Since no literature appears to exist on circulating siRNA, piRNA, and circRNA in the plasma and serum of OC patients, the focus of this review is on cell-free and exosomal lncRNA and miRNAs. In addition, consideration will be given primarily to the roles of ncRNAs in OC therapy. Even from these few lncRNAs that there is a need to relate them to a particular stage in the development and treatment of OC in order to determine their actual roles in the processes of tumor initiation, cell migration and metastasis.
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