Abstract
BackgroundGlucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone secreted from the gastrointestinal tract that facilitates the glucose-dependent insulin response. Additionally, GLP-1 is thought to be involved in energy homeostasis. Currently little is known about GLP-1’s responsiveness to an energy surplus, a fundamental cause of obesity and diabetes. Our objective was to examine the response of serum GLP-1 to short-term (7 day) overfeeding in young men.MethodsSeventy-two young men from the Canadian province of Newfoundland were recruited for the study. For 7-days, the subjects consumed 70% more calories than required at baseline.Various measurements including: anthropometrics, body composition, markers of glucose/lipid metabolism and serum total GLP-1, were taken at a fasted state before (day 1) and after (day 8) the challenge. Paired t-test analyses were used to assess the change in variables after the overfeeding period. Additionally, the relationship between serum GLP-1 and the measured variables at baseline and change due to overfeeding were analyzed.ResultsSerum GLP-1 was significantly increased in all groups in response to the 7-day energy surplus, indicating the increase was independent of adiposity status. There was no significant difference in fasting GLP-1 at baseline between the normal weight and overweight/obese groups. At baseline, GLP-1 concentration negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol and positively correlated with triacylglycerols and markers of insulin resistance in the overweight/obese group. Also GLP-1 was negatively correlated with change in percent gynoid fat in the overweight/obese subjects. Percent change in GLP-1 was negatively associated with percent change in gynoid fat in the normal weight group and positively associated with percent change in cholesterol in the overweight/obese group. Percentage change of circulating triacylglycerols was positively associated with percent change in GLP-1 in both adiposity groups.ConclusionOur findings showed that GLP-1 serum concentration is not a significant factor in determining obesity status. The increase of GLP-1 in all subjects regardless of obesity status, suggest GLP-1 serves as a protective role, counteracting energy surplus.
Highlights
Hormones secreted from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play an important role as peripheral signals of energy homeostasis and are thought to be involved in the development of obesity and diabetes [1]
At baseline when controlling for percent gynoid fat, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) was positively correlated with triacylglycerols and markers of insulin resistance and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol, in the overweight/obese group
We suggest that the increased GLP-1 may act as a protective mechanism to counteract the positive energy challenge
Summary
Hormones secreted from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play an important role as peripheral signals of energy homeostasis and are thought to be involved in the development of obesity and diabetes [1]. It has been shown to decrease the secretion of glucagon in patients with type-I diabetes who have no beta-cell function but still exhibit the lowered plasma glucose via GLP-1 [9,10,11]. Due to its many metabolic-related effects, GLP-1 has been implicated in many chronic metabolic diseases. Both its incretin effect and suppression of glucagon secretion action are disrupted in type-II diabetes [17]. It has been shown that intravenous (IV) infusion of GLP-1 acts to lower blood glucose concentration in type-II diabetic patients [18,19]. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone secreted from the gastrointestinal tract that facilitates the glucose-dependent insulin response. Our objective was to examine the response of serum GLP-1 to short-term (7 day) overfeeding in young men
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