Abstract
This study describes two stand-alone iterative algorithms that fully solve the issue of generating non-standard input impedances in probe-fed circularly polarised rectangular microstrip antennas (CPRMA). Both were derived from a new cavity model-based methodology that controls, at the frequency of operation ( f o ), the input reactance and resistance levels without disturbing the circular polarisation (CP) characteristics of the antenna. The first algorithm finds the antenna dimensions and probe position for an arbitrarily selectable input impedance and the second algorithm determines the possible choices of input impedance for a given dielectric substrate and f o . To highlight the applicability of both algorithms, two prototypes were designed and built: a right-hand CP (RHCP) active antenna with input impedance Z A = 34.17 + 40.34 i Ω , and an RHCP reference antenna (RA) with input impedance Z RA = 50 + 0 i Ω . These antennas were utilised in the design and characterisation of a co-designed global positioning system active integrated antenna. The experimental and theoretical results show excellent agreement.
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