Abstract
BackgroundContinuous cropping has resulted in the accumulation of self-toxic substances in faba beans which has restricted their global production. Intercropping is widely used to alleviate these problems.AimsTo explore the role of cinnamic acid stress in faba bean physiology and disease resistance, and the potential mitigating effects of intercropping the faba bean with wheat.MethodsFaba bean seedlings were grown with or without wheat in both field and hydroponic conditions in the presence of different cinnamic acid concentrations and Fusarium oxysporum (FOF), the occurrence of. Fusarium-mediated wilt and oxidative stress, as well as plant growth indices and the anti-pathogen defense system were analyzed.ResultsCinnamic acid significantly increased Fusarium pathogenicity, inhibited the activity of defense enzymes and reduced the ability of plants to resist pathogens, indicating the importance of cinnamic acid in the promotion of Fusarium wilt resulting in reduced seedling growth. Intercropping with wheat improved plant resistance by alleviating cinnamic acid-induced stress, which promoted crop growth and decreased the incidence and disease index of Fusarium wilt.ConclusionCinnamic acid promotes Fusarium wilt by stimulating pathogen enzyme production and destroying the defense capability of faba bean roots. Intercropping reduces Fusarium wilt by alleviating the damage caused by cinnamic acid to the defense system of the faba bean root system.
Highlights
The continuous planting and harvesting of single crops is a common practice in modern agriculture (Young, 1984; Grodzinsky, 1992), which has resulted in restricted growth and decreased crop yields (Huang et al, 2013) by increasing the risk of soil-borne disease (Asao et al, 2004; Ren et al, 2008; Wu et al, 2009)
In the 2016–2017 field experiment, we found that the incidence and disease index of wilt in faba bean plants were highest in the mature stage, followed by the fruiting/pod and flowering stages, in that order (Figures 2A,B)
In the 2017–2018 field experiment, we found that the incidence and disease index of wilt in faba bean plants was highest in the mature stage, followed by the fruiting/pod and flowering stages, in that order (Figures 2C,D)
Summary
The continuous planting and harvesting of single crops is a common practice in modern agriculture (Young, 1984; Grodzinsky, 1992), which has resulted in restricted growth and decreased crop yields (Huang et al, 2013) by increasing the risk of soil-borne disease (Asao et al, 2004; Ren et al, 2008; Wu et al, 2009). Studies have shown that cinnamic acid can significantly affect the physiological, biochemical, and defense responses of plants, and can increase the risk of plant infection with Fusarium wilt (Huang et al, 2013). Reducing the toxic effects of phenolic acid in root exudates may be the key to alleviating the obstacles associated with continuous cropping in plants. Continuous cropping has resulted in the accumulation of self-toxic substances in faba beans which has restricted their global production.
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