Abstract
Strain 7_F195T was previously isolated from chicken feather waste collected from an abattoir in Bloemfontein, South Africa. A polyphasic approach was followed to determine if strain 7_F195T belongs to the genus Chryseobacterium and if the organism can be classified as a new species. The nearest neighbours, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values (indicated in parentheses), were Chryseobacterium flavum KCTC 12877T (98.42 %), Chryseobacterium indologenesLMG 8337T (98.24 %) and Chryseobacterium gleum ATCC 35910T (97.71 %). Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 4 796 535 bp and a DNA G+C content of 38.6 mol%. The ANI values of strain 7_F195T compared to C. flavum, C. indologenesand C. gleum were 81.45, 81.86 and 82.38 %, respectively. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values for strain 7_F195T with C. flavum, C. indologenes and C. gleum were 23.7, 23.7 and 24.9 %, respectively. Notable phenotypic differences include the presence of urease activity in C. indologenes LMG 8337T and C. gleum NCTC 11432T, but not in strain 7_F195T or C. flavum KCTC 12877T. The predominant fatty acids of strain 7_F195T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and the most abundant polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Menaquinone-6 was the only respiratory quinone. Based on the data generated from this polyphasic study, strain 7_F195T represents a novel Chryseobacterium species for which the name Chryseobacteriumpennipullorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 7_F195T (=LMG 30781T=KCTC 62760T).
Highlights
Strain 7_F195T was previously isolated from chicken feather waste collected from an abattoir in Bloemfontein, South Africa
Overall genome related indexes (OGRIs) are analogous to DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) values and can be used to determine if a strain belongs to a known species
Bootstrap values were very low, the NJ tree (Fig. 1) showed that strain 7_F195T formed a separate lineage from the other Chryseobacterium species in the tree. These results suggested that strain 7_F195T belonged to the genus Chryseobacterium and the separate lineage indicated that this strain could be regarded as a new species in the genus
Summary
Strain 7_F195T was isolated in a previous study in 2010 [13] from chicken feather waste collected from a small-scale chicken abattoir in Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa with coordinates approximately 29.108405 S 26.183772 E. Bootstrap values were very low, the NJ tree (Fig. 1) showed that strain 7_F195T formed a separate lineage from the other Chryseobacterium species in the tree. These results suggested that strain 7_F195T belonged to the genus Chryseobacterium and the separate lineage indicated that this strain could be regarded as a new species in the genus This phylogeny was obtained using the maximumlikelihood method (Fig. S1, available in the online version of this article) [21]. Strains that have 16S rRNA gene similarity values of 98.7 % or less are regarded as different species [8] Based on this data and the separate lineage in the phylogenetic trees, C. flavum KCTC 12877T, C. indologenes LMG 8337T (nearest neighbours) and C. gleum NCTC 11432T (type species of Chryseobacterium) were chosen as related type strains used in this study. The related type strains were obtained from the Korean Collection of Type Cultures (KCTC), the Laboratorium voor Microbiologie (LMG) and the National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC)
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