Abstract
IntroductionDifferent inflammatory processes may trigger the development of malignancies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate a potential association between radiological determined chronic periodontitis (CPA) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsIn a retrospective study, OSCC-patients and a control group without malignant tumors were radiographically examined for bone loss. Via telephone survey and questionnaire, general clinical data on the individual oral hygiene and concomitant diseases together with tobacco and alcohol use were assessed and data were compared between the groups.Results178 OSCC-patients and 123 controls were included. In univariate analysis, a statistically relevant higher mean bone loss was seen in the OSCC group (4.3 mm (SD: 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4-4.6) vs. 2.9 mm (SD: 0.7; 95% CI: 2.8-3); p < 0.001)). This was confirmed in a multivariate regression model (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5-3.8; p < 0.001). A history of periodontal treatment was associated with significantly reduced OSCC risk (p < 0.001; OR: 0.2, CI: 0.1-0.5).ConclusionsCPA is a common disease and the monitoring as well as the treatment of such a chronic oral inflammation may be beneficial in reducing one potential cause of OSCC. Therefore, further clinical studies on oral neoplasms should consider clinical periodontal parameters as well.
Highlights
Different inflammatory processes may trigger the development of malignancies
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for about 90% of all oral malignancies causing a significant number of mutilations and cancer related deaths each year
The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) group consisted of 178 patients (female: n = 56, male: n = 122; mean age: 60 years (SD: ± 10.7; min: 39, max: 88))
Summary
Different inflammatory processes may trigger the development of malignancies. the aim of the present study was to evaluate a potential association between radiological determined chronic periodontitis (CPA) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). As the OSCC related survival rate has not significantly changed during the last decades and remains nearly 50% and is even worse for different subtypes and more advanced forms [1], assessment of future strategies for primary prevention is of high clinical relevance This could lead to the recognition of the pre-malignant oral lesions and neoplastic transformation at initial stages with a positive impact on the outcome [2]. Well-known with bacteria such as Citrobacter rodentium in mice [10], Chlamydia pneumonia [11] and Streptococcus bovis [12] are likewise positively correlated with the incidence of malignancies For these events, carcinogenesis represents the end point of a cascade in which bacterial toxin, inflammatory factors and mediators cause direct or indirect DNA damage that consecutively leads to cell transformation [7,13]. A radiographic assessment in order to diagnose chronic periodontitis is possible and was used in similar studies [17,18]
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