Chronic pain and exercise

Abstract

Problem: Worldwide, at least one in four adults do not exercise sufficiently. Inactivity is associated with an increase in disease burden and mortality, whereas exercise can contribute to a longer, healthier life. Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a significant public health concern; in Germany, approximately 15% of the adult population suffers from chronic low back pain. Based on the diagnoses of chronic back pain, chronic joint pain, and chronic widespread pain or fibromyalgia syndrome, this study will evaluate the importance of exercise in the treatment of chronic pain. Methods: Narrative review based on current treatment guidelines and scientific publications. Results: Exercise and physical activity are both preventively and therapeutically effective in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Individualized, supervised exercise programs that take patients’ preferences and goals into account appear to be particularly effective, regardless of pain location. There is evidence that the positive biopsychosocial effects of movement are more important than the specific form of exercise. Discussion: In the treatment of chronic pain, exercise and activity should be considered primary therapeutic measures and be prescribed accordingly. Supervision and adaptation of exercise programs to patient needs are critical factors of success, regardless of the type of sport or form of exercise. Even a small dose of physical activity achieves health benefits in patients with chronic pain and contributes to symptom relief.