Chronic Kidney Disease and Dietary Supplementation: Effects on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Elisa Martello,Natascia Bruni,Francesca Perondi,Donal Bisanzio,Giorgia Meineri,Ilaria Lippi

doi:10.3390/vetsci8110277

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes an irreversible loss of kidney functioning in dogs. This double-blind case-control study evaluates the efficacy of a dietary supplement, which contains calcium carbonate, calcium lactate-gluconate, chitosan, sodium bicarbonate, Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSL, Olea europaea L. extract, and fructooligosaccharides, in dogs in advanced CKD stage. Thirty dogs were enrolled in the study; half were administered the new dietary supplementation for 90 days, while the others were used as controls. Hematologic, biochemical, and urinalysis were performed. This novel dietary supplement mainly reported a good control of uremia, phosphate, acid-base balance, blood pressure, inflammation, and oxidative stress in dogs with advanced stages of CKD.

Highlights

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) causes an irreversible loss of kidney functions
In both TRT and CTR groups, 13 dogs were in IRIS stage 3 and two dogs were in IRIS stage 2
Few studies showed the beneficial effect on the use of dietary supplementation in the CKD progression [12], in the control of hyperphosphatemia and metabolic acidosis in dogs [8] and cats [24]

Summary

Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) causes an irreversible loss of kidney functions. It is typically considered a disease of older animals, but it can occur at any age. Research shows that restricting protein intake using a balanced renal diet can slow the progression of renal damage and reduce clinical signs (vomiting, lethargy, anorexia, diarrhea, oral ulcerations, polydipsia, polyuria, anemia) mainly caused by an accumulation of the breakdown of products of protein metabolism [2]. Given the frequent hypertension characterizing these individuals, sodium restriction in these diets is helpful to control blood pressure, minimizing the risk of extra-renal target organ damage [2]. One of the first alterations in patients is the retention of phosphorus (P) by the damaged kidneys [4] and its increased level in the blood (hyperphosphatemia). P metabolism, Ca level has to be carefully monitored because it varies by subject and its Academic Editors: Xinwei Li and Guowen Liu

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion