Abstract
The abiotic stresses course major environmental factors that determine the most serious yield reduction in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The abiotic stresses tolerant ability can be improved by changing typical chromosome number of plants. The objectives of the studies were to evaluate the performance of callus of rice cultivars (Suwadel and Sulaai) for different Colchicine concentrations to produce polyploidy for enhance tolerant characteristics to drought and salinity stresses. Surface sterilized seeds were introduced to Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium with hormone 2mgL-1 2,4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 0.1 mgL-1 BAP (6- benzylamino purine) for callus induction. Callus of 0.5cm2 from rice cultivars introduced to different Colchicine concentrations (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mgL-1) and different time durations (12, 24 and 78 hours). Treated callus were introduced to shoot regeneration on MS medium with 0.1mgL-1 IAA (Indole acetic acid) and 2mgL-1 BAP. Colour, texture and regeneration ability of callus were recorded after one month. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replicates was used for study. Statistical analysis was performed with Duncan's multiple range tests using SAS software (version 9.1.3). Results showed that callus treated from Colchicine 30, 60, 90 and 120 mgL-1 in 12 hours and, 30, 60, 90 mgL-1 in 24 hours have potential to survive. Increasing Colchicine concentration and time duration showed that regeneration ability of callus reduced in selected rice varieties.
Highlights
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary source of calories for people more than half of the world’s population mainly inAsia (Heong et al, 2005)
About 1.8 million farm families are engaged in paddy cultivation island-wide (Department of Agriculture, 2006)
Colchicine is a toxic natural product and secondary metabolite, originally extracted from plants of the genus Colchicum. It uses for inducing polyploidy in plant cells during cellular division by inhibiting chromosome segregation during meiosis.This study was done to produce polyploid paddy plants to enhance characteristics (Abiotic stresses, large seed, improve tillering, to increase productivity, ect.) to identify the effective treatment duration, the effective concentration of colchicine and the variations from polyploidy plantlets regeneration
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary source of calories for people more than half of the world’s population mainly inAsia (Heong et al, 2005). Rice is the single most important crop occupying 34 percent (0.77 /million ha) of the total cultivated area in Sri Lanka. Rice is a cereal monocotyledonous plant in family Poaceae with a genome consisting of 430Mb across 12 (2n=24) chromosomes. Colchicine is a toxic natural product (allelopathic compound) and secondary metabolite, originally extracted from plants of the genus Colchicum. It uses for inducing polyploidy in plant cells during cellular division by inhibiting chromosome segregation during meiosis (prevents the spindle formation).This study was done to produce polyploid paddy plants to enhance characteristics (Abiotic stresses, large seed, improve tillering, to increase productivity, ect.) to identify the effective treatment duration, the effective concentration of colchicine and the variations from polyploidy plantlets regeneration
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