Abstract
The chromosome numbers and karyomorphology of 32 accessions are examined, representing 12 species of Anaphalis DC. (Asteraceae) from the Hengduan Mountains of south-western China, which is most likely the biologically richest temperate region in the world. A total of 11 species are newly reported, and the highest chromosome number, 2n = 84, was observed in the Helichrysum–Anaphalis–Pseudognaphalium group for the first time. Within Anaphalis, the basic number x = 14 was confirmed. Only two species (A. flavescens and A. pachylaena) are diploid with 2n = 28. Tetraploidy is observed in seven species. Diploid–polyploid complexes are found in A. aureopunctata, A. bicolor, and A. nepalensis, especially for A. nepalensis with a series of polyploidy levels from di-, tetra-, to hexaploid. In addition to the tetraploid origin of the genus, a second polyploidisation is suggested as the predominant event in the chromosome evolution of Anaphalis from the Hengduan Mountains. The karyotypes of all observed samples are 2A...
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