Abstract
Abstract Mitotic chromosome numbers are reported for fourteen populations of Tanactum polycephalum Schultz Bip. (L.) collected from west of Iran. In T. polycephalum, chromosome numbers were varied from 2n = 2× = 18 to 2n = 6× = 54. One diploid population (2n = 2× = 18) and two populations with both diploid and tetraploid chromosome numbers (2n = 2× = 18 and 36) were identified. Five populations with chromosome number (2n = 4× = 36) and a population with two different chromosome numbers (2n = 4× = 36 and 54) were found for the first time. In this species, four populations with hexaploidy (2n = 6× = 54) were detected for the first time. Results indicate that polyploidy is confirmed as the most significant evolutionary trend in chromosome number within this species. This species is also a problemic and polymorph taxnon and our results indicate that its polyploidy can be regarded as the reason.
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