Abstract
Homologous recombination between circular sister chromosomes during DNA replication in prokaryotes may generate chromosome dimers, which must be resolved into monomers prior to cell division. In Escherichia coli, dimer resolution is achieved by the site-specific Xer recombination involving two paralogous tyrosine recombinases, XerC and XerD, and a 28-bp recombination site, the dif site, located at the replication termination region. Xer recombination is intimately coupled to cell division by the control of the septal protein FtsK. XerCD recombinases and FtsK are found on most sequenced bacteria that harbor circular genome(s), suggesting that the Xer system as described in E. coli is highly conserved, though nonorthologous systems may exist. Several mobile genetic elements are able to exploit the native Xer systems to promote their own integration into the host genome.
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