Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations and their mechanisms have been studied for many years in livestock. In cattle, chromosomal abnormalities are often associated with serious reproduction-related problems, such as infertility of carriers and early mortality of embryos. In the present work, we review the mechanisms and consequences of the most important bovine chromosomal aberrations: Robertsonian translocations and reciprocal translocations. We also discuss the application of bovine cell cultures in genotoxicity studies.
Highlights
Cattle (Ruminantia, Bovidae) have been closely associated with humans from prehistoric times
Despite the rapid development of new molecular techniques, chromosome analysis remains a key procedure for screening of chromosomal aberrations in animal cytogenetic laboratories
The potential genotoxic effect of thiacloprid formulation on bovine peripheral lymphocytes was evaluated by Galdíková et al [85] using the comet assay and the cytogenetic endpoints: chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), micronuclei (MNi), and fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) using three whole-chromosome painting probes for bovine chromosomes 1, 5, and 7 (BTA1, BTA5, and BTA7)
Summary
Cattle (Ruminantia, Bovidae) have been closely associated with humans from prehistoric times. Unique anatomical and physiological characteristics led to the sequencing of the cattle genome [4], reporting at least 22,000 genes and 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species. Despite the rapid development of new molecular techniques (array platforms, next-generation sequencing), chromosome analysis remains a key procedure for screening of chromosomal aberrations in animal cytogenetic laboratories. This is possible due to fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) that still represents an important diagnostic and research tool in bovine chromosome and genome analysis
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