Abstract

We call weak Markoff theory the theory of Markoff restricted to integral quadratic forms (instead of real ones), and to quadratic real numbers (instead of general real numbers). We show that weak Markoff theory may be reduced to combinatorial properties of Christoffel words, avoiding the use of bi-infinite sequences. These properties are two new characterizations of Christoffel words, one using the lexicographical order, the other being of arithmetic nature, based on values of continuant polynomials.

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