Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter at all autonomic ganglia, all postganglionic parasympathetic nerves, postganglionic sympathetic nerves innervating eccrine sweat glands, the neuromuscular junction, and neurons in the central nervous system. ACh is synthesized by the acetylation of choline and acetyl coenzyme A by choline acetyltransferase. Depolarization of cholinergic neurons releases ACh by exocytosis into the various synapses where it acts on muscarinic (M1–M5) metabotropic receptors or nicotinic (Nm or Nn) ionotropic receptors. ACh is inactivated by acetylcholine esterase to acetic acid and choline. Following reuptake into cholinergic neurons, choline is reused for ACh synthesis.
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