Abstract
Abstract 1. Several tissues of two intertidal gastropod mollusks belonging to the superfamily Muricacea contained, in addition to acetylcholine, other choline esters that produced contraction of the frog rectus abdominis muscle. 2. One major active choline ester found in acetone extracts of the hypobranchial gland of Acanthina spirata had pharmacological properties and a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum consistent with murexine [urocanylcholine, β -[4-imidazolyl]acrylcholine). 3. A principal active compound from the hypobranchial gland of Nucella ( = Thais ) emarginata differed pharmacologically from murexine and was tentatively identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as the previously unreported N -methyl derivative of murexine, β -[4-(1-or 3-methyl)-imidazolyl]acrylcholine.
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