Abstract
The classical “choking” phenomenon was revisited in this paper in light of confusion in the open literature. A coherent development was elucidated, with support of experimental data, to clarify the ever-present confusion in vertical pneumatic transport of solids. The importance of the distinction between the “small particles” and “large particles” in their manifestation of flow phenomena in vertical solids transport, especially at close to “choking” where low voidage and high solids concentration prevailed, was emphasized. A new operating map, which could be doubled as a regime transition map, was proposed for operating risers of circulating fluidized-bed systems. The “choking” and “nonchoking” transition proposed by Leung in 1980 was also reexamined.
Published Version
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