Abstract
Artemisia L. is among the most diverse and medicinally important genera of the plant family Asteraceae. Discrepancies arise in the taxonomic classification of Artemisia due to the occurrence of multiple polyploidy events in separate lineages and its complex morphology. The discrepancies could be resolved by increasing the genomic resources. A. scoparia is one of the most medicinally important species in Artemisia. In this paper, we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Artemisia scoparia. The genome was 151,060 bp (base pairs), comprising a large single copy (82,834 bp) and small single copy (18,282 bp), separated by a pair of long inverted repeats (IRa and IRb: 24,972 bp each). We identified 114 unique genes, including four ribosomal RNAs, 30 transfer RNAs, and 80 protein-coding genes. We analysed the chloroplast genome features, including oligonucleotide repeats, microsatellites, amino acid frequencies, RNA editing sites, and codon usage. Transversion substitutions were twice as frequent as transition substitutions. Mutational hotspot loci included ccsA-ndhD, trnH-psbA, ndhG-ndhI, rps18-rpl20, and rps15-ycf1. These loci can be used to develop cost-effective and robust molecular markers for resolving the taxonomic discrepancies. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree supported previous findings of Artemisia as a monophyletic genus, sister to the genus Chrysanthemum, whereby A. scoparia appeared as sister to A. capillaris.
Highlights
The genus Artemisia L. includes over 500 species and occupies the top position in the familyAsteraceae in terms of its bio-prospection [1]
We de novo assembled the chloroplast genome of A. scoparia and compared the chloroplast genome features of nine Artemisia species
We de novo assembled the chloroplast genome of A. scoparia and compared its genome with the chloroplast genome of eight publicly available Artemisia species
Summary
The genus Artemisia L. includes over 500 species and occupies the top position in the family. Asteraceae in terms of its bio-prospection [1]. Members of this genus are mainly hairy shrubs and herbs with a cosmopolitan distribution in arid and semi-arid habitats [2]. Western and central Asia is considered its centre of origin in the northern hemisphere, some species are found in the southern hemisphere [3]. Kit (red stem wormwood) is Jhahoo or Jaukay in Pakistan [2]. It is a branched perennial herb with a bitter aroma [2]. In northern Pakistan, A. scoparia is found
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