Abstract
The proposal of this study is demonstrating a simple vapor sensor for chloroform (CHCI3) utilitizing air gap region of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) by using a single mode optical fiber coupler (3 dB) structure. In the last few decades, flammable liquids such as chloroform have been highly used. This chemical liquid has some degrees of carcinogenic effects in humans in addition to acute and chronic exposure results like blurred vision and nausea. The two arms of MZI contain a free space gap utilized to serve the sensing mechanism by adding chemical liquid volumes (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1) ml and to set the phase difference with air-gap distance 0.5 mm. The small variation in the effective refractive index of chloroform is due to changing the propagation of the transmitted light in the MZI’s gap that will further shift the optical phase of the signal. The experimental results indicate that the output power decreased when the air gap distance is 0.5 mm, and the shifting of wavelength will increase toward blue shift when increasing the chloroform liquid volumes. A maximum wavelength shift of chloroform is 0.0251 nm when the liquid volume is 1 ml and sensitivity of chloroform is 0.0223 nm/ml at air gap distance 0.5 mm for different chloroform liquid volumes.
Highlights
The environmental sensor has been of interest to recent research, the optical fiber sensors are being utilized for different detecting applications, e.g. optical fiber sensors are utilized for recognizing the nearness of air poisons in the climate [1] and in addition to being utilized in the biomedical field [2, 3]
The transmission spectrum displacement shows that the chloroform liquid volumes increased
The wavelength shift increased toward the blue region because the refractive index of chloroform was 1.43 while the refractive index of air was 1
Summary
The environmental sensor has been of interest to recent research, the optical fiber sensors are being utilized for different detecting applications, e.g. optical fiber sensors are utilized for recognizing the nearness of air poisons in the climate [1] and in addition to being utilized in the biomedical field [2, 3]. A lot of research in optical fibers has been devoted to sense, and found applications in the chemical field [4]. Figure-1 shows the set-up utilizing light source which is a diode laser with wavelength of 1550 nm, two optical coupler (3 dB) types of single mode fiber, two chambers are Parallel Rectangle-shape sealed chambers, fabricated from Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic with dimensions (length =24 cm, height = 14 cm, and width =16 cm), and optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). The MZI is manufactured utilizing 3 dB couplers, the first optical fiber coupler (3 dB) connected to the diode laser and the second optical fiber coupler (3 dB) joined to the OSA (YOKOKAWA, Ando AQ6370)
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