Chitosan Oligosaccharides Stimulate the Efficacy of Somatic Embryogenesis in Different Genotypes of the Liriodendron Hybrid

Asif Ali,Tingting Chen,Shams Ur Rehman,Liaqat Shah,Minmin Zhou,Sikandar Hayat,Jisen Shi,Jiaji Zhang,Jinhui Chen

doi:10.3390/f12050557

Abstract

Liriodendron hybrid (L. chinense × L. tulipifera), an essential medium-sized tree generally famous for its timber, is also used as an ornamental and greenery tool in many places around the world. The Liriodendron hybrid (L. hybrid) tree goes through many hurdles to achieve its maximum strength and vigor, such as loss of habitat, vast genetic variation, and low seed setting rate. The establishment of an effective and well-organized somatic embryogenesis (S.E.) system could be used to overcome these obstacles, rather than the old-fashioned seed culture and organogenesis. This study is based on the impact of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) and its role in the induction of S.E. on the callus of four genotypes of the L. hybrid. The optimal concentration of COS could enhance the momentum and effectiveness in S.E.’s mechanism, which further improves the growth rate of the L. hybrid tree’s plantlets. This study shows that COS has a prominent role in endogenous hormones like indole acetic acid (IAA), zeatin (Z.T.), and gibberellic acid (GA3). Furthermore, COS improves the growth development, growth speed, as well as the development situation of plant germination ability. COS can also regulate branch development and root growth, which could be linked to the antagonistic effect on growth factors to some extent or by affecting auxin synthesis and polar transport.

Highlights

The L. hybrid tree, known as the Liriodendron hybrid, is a large growing tree species in the East Asia region
The number of mature somatic embryos induced by chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) (0.05 mg L−1) for all the genotypes was significantly higher than the control (Figure 2)
This study found that the number of mature somatic embryos was the highest when the COS concentration was 0.01 or 0.05 mg L−1

Summary

Introduction

The L. hybrid tree, known as the Liriodendron hybrid, is a large growing tree species in the East Asia region. The genus of Liriodendron belongs to Magnoliaceae, which occupy a critical evolutionary position [5,6,7,8,9,10,11] These two relict species of Liriodendron have been suggested to be divaricated in the early ages during the middle to late Miocene [2,12]. The seed setting ratio of Liriodendron is very low and is not more than 10% [9] It is an excellent tree species for pulp, paper, artificial board, and furniture. In 1998, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources has enlisted L. chinense as a near-threatened species in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Methods

Results

Conclusion