Abstract
We synthesized chitosan grafted with β-cyclodextrin (CD-g-CS) from mono-6-deoxy-6-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-β-cyclodextrin and chitosan. Two different amounts of immobilized β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on CD-g-CS (QCD: 0.643 × 103 and 0.6 × 102 μmol/g) were investigated. The results showed that the amino contents of CD-g-CS with QCD = 0.643 × 103 and 0.6 × 102 μmol/g were 6.34 ± 0.072 and 9.41 ± 0.055%, respectively. Agar diffusion bioassay revealed that CD-g-CS (QCD = 0.6 × 102 μmol/g) was more active against Staphylococcus xylosus and Escherichia coli than CD-g-CS (QCD = 0.643 × 103 μmol/g). Cell membrane integrity tests and scanning electron microscopy observation revealed that the antimicrobial activity of CD-g-CS was attributed to membrane disruption and cell lysis. Uptake tests showed that CD-g-CS promoted the uptake of doxorubicin hydrochloride by S. xylosus, particularly for CD-g-CS with QCD = 0.6 × 102 μmol/g, and the effect was concentration dependent. CD-g-CS (QCD = 0.6 × 102 and 0.643 × 103 μmol/g) also improved the aqueous solubilities of sulfadiazine, sulfamonomethoxine, and sulfamethoxazole. These findings provide a clear understanding of CD-g-CS and are of great importance for reducing the dosage of antibiotics and antibiotic residues in animal-derived foods. The results also provide a reliable, direct, and scientific theoretical basis for its wide application in the livestock industry.
Highlights
As a natural weak cationic polysaccharide, chitosan (CS) is made up of randomly distributed β-1,4linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (Song et al, 2017)
The discovery that CD-g-CS can promote the uptake of drugs by bacteria is of great importance for improving the efficacy of antibiotics, reducing antibiotic dosage, and reducing antibiotic residues in animalderived foods
CD-g-CS showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. xylosus, and the antimicrobial activity of CD-g-CS was higher for the lower QCD
Summary
As a natural weak cationic polysaccharide, chitosan (CS) is made up of randomly distributed β-1,4linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (Song et al, 2017). CS is reported to have some anti-inflammatory activity (Maeda and Kimura, 2004). CD-g-CS: Antimicrobial Activity Sorbefacient Solubilizer nanoparticles enhance the intestinal absorption of insulin (Pan et al, 2002). CS can inhibit the growth of pathogens as an antimicrobial agent (Badawy et al, 2014). CS was previously reported to significantly inhibit the growth of bacteria (No et al, 2002). CS and its derivatives have been extensively studied as absorption enhancers. N-trimethyl CS chloride was reported to significantly increase the oral absorption of buserelin and octreotide (van der Merwe et al, 2004)
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