Abstract
The modification of chitosan represents a challenging task in obtaining biopolymeric materials with enhanced removal capacity for heavy metals. In the present work, the adsorption characteristics of chitosan modified with carboxyl groups (CTS-CAA) towards copper (II) and zinc (II) ions have been tested. The efficacy of the synthesis of CTS-CAA has been evaluated by studying various properties of the modified chitosan. Specifically, the functionalized chitosan has been characterized by using several techniques, including thermal analyses (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry), spectroscopies (FT-IR, XRD), elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The kinetics and the adsorption isotherms of CTS-CAA towards both Cu (II) and Zn (II) have been determined in the aqueous solvent under variable pH. The obtained results have been analyzed by using different adsorption models. In addition, the experiments have been conducted at variable temperatures to explore the thermodynamics of the adsorption process. The regeneration of CTS-CAA has been investigated by studying the desorption process using different eluents. This paper reports an efficient protocol to synthesize chitosan-based material perspective as regenerative adsorbents for heavy metals.
Highlights
Water pollution is frequently due to the presence of heavy metals [1], which include mercury, lead, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, copper, and zinc
This work aims to functionalize chitosan with carboxylate groups by using a novel synthesis protocol, which includes cross-linking by glutaraldehyde and epichlorohydrin, further modification through diethylene triamine, and the addition of monochloroacetic acid
A novel sorbent derived from chitosan was created and characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, SEM, DSC, TGA, and XRD analysis
Summary
Water pollution is frequently due to the presence of heavy metals [1], which include mercury, lead, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, copper, and zinc. Industrial effluents can cause the pollution of water resources since they contain large amounts of heavy metals. Despite the importance of copper for industrial and agricultural processes, it is highly toxic for drinking water. The excessive ingestion of copper causes substantial problems, such as high blood pressure, damage of the kidney and liver, respiratory diseases and convulsions [2,3]. Zinc is important for regulating many biochemical processes and physiological functions of living tissue, but its excess amount can cause many health problems like stomach sickness, skin irritations, cramps, and anemia [4]. In the last few decades, scientists have given great attention to the removal of these pollutants from the water due to their harmful effect on human life. Several techniques have been improved to remove those pollutants from aqueous solutions, such as solid–liquid extraction, membrane technologies, electrochemical treatment, ion exchange, chemical precipitation, reverse osmosis, liquid–
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