Abstract
BackgroundThis study translated the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF) into Chinese and examined its factor structure and measurement invariance in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong.MethodsA sample of 4136 Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong was invited to complete a set of questionnaires. The factor structure of the I-PANA-SF was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equational modeling (ESEM). Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, and nomological validity was assessed using bivariate correlations between positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) subscales with effort, worry and lack of concentration. Finally, measurement invariance across genders and grades was examined to evaluate the invariance of the I-PANAS-SF.ResultsFactor structure analysis suggested that the ESEM model outperformed the CFA model. The results of ESEM analysis indicated that one item (“alert”) was problematic and a 9-item two-factor measurement model with that item removed was a better fit for the data. The Cronbach’s alpha values were above 0.70 (0.81 and 0.83), revealing excellent internal consistency reliability. The PA subscale was positively associated with effort and negatively associated with worry and lack of concentration. The NA subscale was negatively associated effort and positively associated with lack of concentration and worry, indicating nomological validity. Finally, measurement invariance analysis revealed strict invariance across genders and grades.ConclusionsThe results of the study provide preliminary support for validity and reliability of the 9-item Chinese version of the I-PANAS-SF and suggest that it is suitable for use among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong.
Highlights
This study translated the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)-SF) into Chinese and examined its factor structure and measurement invariance in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong
The PANAS has been proven having good reliability and validity in many studies [2, 5, 6]. It has been translated into different languages [7,8,9,10] and modified for different research purposes, including the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children (PANAS-C) [11], the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children-Short Form (PANAS-C-SF) [12] and the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF) [13], which were developed based on Watson and colleagues’ fundamental work
It was found that the 9-item twofactor structure measurement model (ESEM) of the Chinese version of the I-PANAS-SF was supported and its measurement invariance was evidenced across gender and grades
Summary
This study translated the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF) into Chinese and examined its factor structure and measurement invariance in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. The most widely used instrument assessing PA and NA is the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) [2], which was developed based on previous emotional measurement studies [3, 4]. The PANAS has been proven having good reliability and validity in many studies [2, 5, 6] It has been translated into different languages [7,8,9,10] and modified for different research purposes, including the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children (PANAS-C) [11], the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children-Short Form (PANAS-C-SF) [12] and the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF) [13], which were developed based on Watson and colleagues’ fundamental work
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call