Abstract
근래의 테러는 일부 국가와 지역에 한정되지 않고 세계도처에서 발생하는 다극화 양상을 보이고 있다. 과거에는 민간인 지역이 아닌 특정 군사지역이나 종교나 정치시설을 노린 테러가 대부분이었지만, 지금은 방어능력이 없는 민간인에 대한 테러행위인 소프트 타깃 테러가 갈수록 증가하고 그 테러의 잔혹성과 횟수가 늘어나면서 지구상의 그 어떤 곳도 테러에서 자유롭지 못한 상황이 되었으며, 이러한 테러의 문제는 해결하기 어려운 문제 중에 하나이다. 중국은 최대인구를 가진 다민족 국가로서 수많은 국내테러 사건을 겪으면서 우리나라와 비교하여 볼 때 테러의 대책마련을 위하여 다양한 법제도와 대응정책을 마련하고 있는데, 특히 국내외에서 일어나는 모든 테러에 적극적으로 대응하기 위하여 2016년 반테러리즘법을 제정하였다. 새로운 반테러기구 및 정보센터를 설립하고, 테러조직이나 테러리스트를 지정하거나 자산을 동결하는 제도를 도입하였고, 경찰의 테러위험 인물에 대한 정보수집 권한과 무장한 테러리스트가 무기 로 공격해오는 ‘긴급상황’에 경찰의 무기사용권한을 부여하였으며, 해외테러현장에 중국군과 무장경찰부대의 해외 파병을 허용하였고, 중국의 반테러리즘법과 형법의 연계와 확장과 같은 중국의 테러대응 정책은 우리에게 시사하는 바가 크다.Terrorist crimes, which already became multi-polar aspects, not just happen in some countries and regions, but exist everywhere in the world recently. In the past, most terrorist attacks aimed at specific military areas, religious or political facilities rather than civilians. Nowadays, the number of soft target terrorist attacks on civilians who are not capable of defending has been increasing. The frequency and brutality of terrorist crimes have been increasing, too. As they became one of the worldwide problems difficult to solve, people on earth cannot be free from terrorism and terrorist crimes. As a multi-ethnic nation that has the largest population in the world, China has encountered many domestic terrorist incidents. Compared to Korea, Chinese government has developed various legal systems and countermeasures against terrorist crimes. Especially, in order to actively response to all the terrorist crimes both at home and abroad, Anti-Terrorism Law was legislated in 2016. China has established Anti-Terrorism Organization and Information Center which will point out the terror groups or terrorists, and has introduced property freezing system. The police are granted the right to use weapons to fight with terrorists in the emergency situation when terrorists attack with weapons. They are also granted the right to collect information about dangerous terrorists. Chinese government allows their armies and armed police force to be deployed to the terror sites overseas. Chinese Anti-Terrorism Law and counter-terrorism policies, which expand and link to criminal law, give us plenty of implications that can be applied in our context.
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