Abstract
Formally speaking, at least, China's feudal past is some 2,000 years removed, having ended with the Ch'in unification. Over the centuries, Imperial China consolidated itself as a centralized bureaucratic nation-state, coming to full bloom during the great T'ang and Sung periods (6181278). Civil service and imperial examinations for the appointment of officials and bureaucrats were established. Under unitary Imperial China, regional integration proceeded apace, accompanied by movements of people, ideas, and goods and facilitated by a working monetary and fi-
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