Confucius & Confucianism

Abstract

List of Illustrations. Preface: Why Confucius? Book Notes. Chronology. 1 Confucius World and His Life. Confucius World: Looking Back to a Long, Unifi edCivilization. The Zhou Dynasty. Ancestors and Spirits. Heaven and the Choice of Heaven . The Decline of the Zhou Dynasty and the Rise of the WarringStates. The Life of Confucius. Sources. Versions of the Texts. Hagiography, the Pious Stories of Confucius Life. Scholarly Versions of Confucius Life. 2 Confucius Teachings I: The Foundation of a GoodPerson. Filial Piety. Dutifulness or Loyalty. Honesty and Sincerity. Rightness and Knowledge. Courage. Understanding, Sympathy, Compassion. Humanity. Ritual. The Gentleman. 3 Confucius Teachings II: The Foundation of a GoodSociety and Other Topics. Setting Words Right. For the Benefi t of the People. Laws. Models. Education without Distinction. Women. The Gods, the Spirits of the Dead, and the Afterlife. The Choice of Heaven and Heaven. Fate. The Way. 4 Terms, and Mozi. Problems with Schools and -isms . Problems with the Term Confucianism . Mozi and Mohism. 5 Opponents. Daoism. The Strategists. The Logicians. Legalism. Others. 6 Mencius. Human Nature is Good. Human Nature and Heaven. Government. Mencius on Confucian Themes. Summary. 7 Xunzi. Human Nature is Evil. Morality is Artifi cial. Ritual. Government. Language. Heaven. Xunzi on Confucian Themes. Summary. 8 Confucians, Confucian Texts, and the QinDynasty. Other Confucian Groups. Confucius and Confucian Texts. The First Emperor and the Reunifi cation of China. 9 The Han Dynasty, 206 BCE 220 CE. History and Development. The Classics in the Han. The New Text School. The Yin-Yang Theory. Qi. The Five Phases. The Status of Confucius. The Old Text School. Other Confucian Texts in the Han Dynasty. Summary. 10 From the Han to the Tang Dynasties, 220 907CE. Buddhism and Its Development. Confucianism from the Han to the Tang Dynasties. Civil Service Examinations and the Imperial Civil Service. The Civil Service. The Status of Confucius in Imperial China. Confucian Temples. Confucius as a God. Confucianism outside of China: Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Summary. 11 Neo-Confucianism. The Northern and Southern Song Dynasties. Neo-Confucianism. Issues in Neo-Confucianism. Early Neo-Confucian Thinkers. Zhu Xi (1130 1200) and Li Xue, the School ofPrinciple. The School of Mind/Heart. Wang Yangming. Summary. 12 Confucianism and Modernity. The Qing Dynasty, 1644 1911. Kang Youwei (1858 1927) and the Reform ofConfucianism. The May 4th Movement. The Guomindang and the New Life Movement. The Communist Party and the Communist Government. New Confucians. Confucianism as the Foundation of Chinese Culture. Substance/Application. The Confucian Core. Confucianism as Religion. Asian Values. Governments: Taiwan, Singapore, and China. Critics of New Confucianism. New Confucianism s Impact and Importance. Summary. 13 Issues. What is Confucianism? Democracy. The Emphasis on the Economy. Ritual. Filial Piety. Education. Self-cultivation. Does Confucianism Include Women? Can Confucianism IncludeWomen? Critics. Is Confucianism a Religion? A Philosophy? Something Else? Summary. Notes. Glossary of Names and Terms. Suggestions for Further Reading. Bibliography. Index.