Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Psychopharmacologic Treatment

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a diverse collection of illnesses characterised by a wide variety of impairments ranging from mild to severe. ASDs are diagnosed when three core deficits are present, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revised) (DSM-IV-TR)1: (1) impairment of social interactions, (2) impaired communication, and (3) repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interests, and activities. Aggression, self-injury, impulsivity, poor concentration, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance are common associated/comorbid symptoms that can become a major cause of additional suffering and impairment in functioning, even though they are not required for a diagnosis. While developments in psychopharmacology have resulted in dramatic improvements in the symptoms and prognosis of many psychiatric disorders, this has not been the case for treating ASD's basic symptoms. Applied behavioural analysis (ABA), occupational therapy, speech therapy, physical therapy, and pharmacological, psychopharmacologic therapy are the most effective treatments available today.