Childless by Choice in Contemporary China: Reasons and Consequences

Abstract

The article considers financial, social, and personal reasons for childlessness by choice among young Chinese and analyzes the consequences of such a decision. Voluntary childlessness is a new phenomenon for China that became more present even after the abolition of the one-child policy and an increase in the promotion of early marriages and childbirth. Traditional family values gradually ceased importance in society. Resembling developed Western countries, the majority of voluntary childless Chinese belongs to well-educated urban citizens who prioritize quality life and personal development over having children. However, many decide for childlessness under financial insecurity due to the high living costs in the first-and second-tier cities, lack of a developed social security system, and obligation to support elderly parents. Even though most voluntary childless are satisfied with their choice, they often feel pressured and pushed to childbirth by their families and even by the government. China is facing a growing aging population problem. Attempting to solve the emerging issue, the Party increases propaganda of childbirth, and voluntary childlessness receives more attention in society, which exerts more emotional pressure on childless Chinese, who fear additional stress and discrimination at the workplace and in personal life.